01 review advanced: Auxiliary verbsTense usage Active and passive Compound words Missing words

-Hi! Here is the eighth video of a new series of review lessons of English Grammar according to our English course. Level: ADVANCED I -------------------------------------- * -------------------------------------- You can go to my blog or/and fan page for more free lessons and resources: ✍ https://englishwithrik.blogspot.com/ Join our group to practice your English: 👬👭👫🧑‍🤝‍🧑 https://www.facebook.com/groups/englishwithrik/ ---------------------------------------*--------------------------------------

Auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs are used with main verbs to form questions, negatives, the passive, and different tenses. Be be + -ing form in continuous forms: Present Continuous: My mobile isn't working. Past Continuous: Why was she crying? Present Perfect Continuous: I've been waiting for ages. Future Continuous: We'll be working all weekend. Infinitive: She could be lying. be + past participle in the passive. The most common forms are: Present Simple: The building is locked at night. Present Continuous: Your order is being checked. Past Simple: The house was built in the 1800s. Past Continuous: The road was being repaired all last week. Present Perfect: My laptop has been stolen. Past Perfect: I didn't know you hadn't been invited. Do do/does/did in: questions: Do you smoke? / Does he like me? / What did they say? don't/doesn't/didn't in: negatives: I don't know. / He doesn't drive. / We didn't win. Have have/had + past participle in perfect verb forms: Present Perfect: We've just got married. Past Perfect: I didn't realize we'd met before. Future Perfect: Will you have finished by the weekend? Modal auxiliary verbs The main modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, ought to, need. They are different from be, do, and have because they have their own meanings such as ability, obligation, etc. ---------------------------------------*--------------------------------------

Tense usage Simple, continuous, and perfect A verb in the simple form expresses a completed or repeated action (the action is viewed as a whole unit): The train leaves at 10. (= a fact) When I've finished, I'll call you. (= complete) He always went to work by bike. (= a habit) A verb in the continuous form focuses on the duration of an activity. It is not permanent and may not be complete: She's working in Greece for the summer. (= temporary) They've been arguing for hours. (= and they still are) Why were you sitting in the dark? (= in progress) Tense usage Simple, continuous, and perfect A verb in the perfect form can express two main ideas: When the action is completed before another time. Have you ever been in hospital? (= some time before now) When we landed, our next flight had already left. (= some time before we landed) We'll have finished dinner by about eight. (= some time before then) When the exact time of the action is not important: I've broken my glasses. (= before now) We'll have arrived by this evening. (= before this evening) ---------------------------------------*--------------------------------------

Active and passive Compare: Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1599. (Hamlet = the object of the sentence) Passive: Hamlet was written in 1599. (Hamlet = the subject of the sentence) We often use the passive when we do not know who/what does something, or we are not interested in who/what does something: Salaries are paid on the 30th of each month. My car was stolen yesterday. She's been arrested for shoplifting. ---------------------------------------*--------------------------------------

Vocabulary: Compound words Compound words are a common feature in English. A compound is made when two words are joined to form a new word: life + long = lifelong (adjective) life + expectancy = life expectancy (noun) Spelling Compounds with words of more than one syllable are normally written as two words or with a hyphen. But there are no fixed spelling rules, so use a good dictionary to check. one word: lifestyle two words: life insurance with a hyphen: life-size Pronunciation The main stress is usually on the first part of a compound: lifelong life insurance ---------------------------------------*--------------------------------------

Spoken English: Missing words In spoken English, you can sometimes miss out the subject and/or verb. People will still understand you from the context. This is most common in questions: Want a drink after work? (Do you ...?) Going home now? (Are you ...?) Lost your key again? (Have you ...?) See the match last night? (Did you ...?) People sometimes miss out words in statements: Can't find my mobile anywhere. (I ...) Missing you loads. (I'm ...) Phone you next week. (I'll ...)

Resources For ESL Teachers by Richard Cruz is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.