Common Participial Adjectives
Some participles (like 'bored' or 'boring') can be
used as adjectives. These are used in a slightly different way from normal
adjectives. We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about
how someone feels:
- I was really bored during the flight (NOT: I was
really boring during the flight).
We usually use the present participle (ending in
-ing) to talk about the person, thing, or situation which has caused the
feeling:
- It was such a long, boring flight (so I was bored).
Be careful! 'I'm boring' is very different from
'I'm bored'! 'I'm boring' means I cause other people to be bored. This is not
good! Here are some examples of when one person causes a feeling in another
person:
These participle adjectives make their comparative by using 'more' (not -er) and their superlative by using 'most' (not -est):
- I was more frightened of dogs than spiders when I was a child.
- That book is more boring than this one.
-ed / -ing |
-ed / -ing |
-ed / -ing |
alarmed - alarming amazed - amazing amused - amusing annoyed - annoying astonished
- astonishing bored - boring confused -
confusing depressed - depressing disappointed - disappointing disgusted -
disgusting distressed
- distressing |
disturbed -
disturbing embarrassed - embarrassing entertained - entertaining excited - exciting exhausted -
exhausting fascinated
- fascinating frightened
- frightening horrified -
horrifying inspired -
inspiring interested
- interesting irritated -
irritating |
moved - moving paralyzed -
paralyzing pleased - pleasing relaxed - relaxing satisfied -
satisfying shocked - shocking surprised -
surprising terrified -
terrifying fired - firing touched - touching troubled -
troubling |
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